Browsing by Author "Roy, Mahendra Nath"

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    Assorted interactions of some antibacterial and anticancer drug molecules and ionic liquids prevaling in supramolecular and solution chemistry investigated by experimental and computational apporach
    (University of North Bengal, 2023) Sharma, Antara; Roy, Mahendra Nath
    Proposed work covers the Supramolecular Host-Guest Inclusion Complexation of some bioactive molecules and the solute-solvent interaction of amino acids (AA) with ionic liquids (ILs) aiming to compare the molecular interaction existing among these different chemical compounds and resulting molecular synergism in solution phase. Supramolecular assemblage has garnered a huge importance during recent years in the field of drug delivery owing to their significant biocompatibility and excellent potential to expand the spectrum of medical application in pharmaceutical industries and biomedical sciences. The spectroscopic techniques confirm the inclusion complex formation of numerous bioactive molecules and their photophysical properties in solution phase. The UV-Visible, 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy along with mass spectrometry studies supports the formation of inclusion complex. Further, SEM and PXRD analysis implements the qualitative aspect for the generation of supramolecular framework. Thermal and photostability of such assembly have been examined through DSC and UV- visible studies. Computational and theoretical molecular modelling studies of this system reaffirms the results observed in the experimental studies. In this study, inclusion of variety of biologically potent molecules such as, Rodanine, Gemcitabine and Nitrofurantoin have been examined. These compounds find significant medicinal applications. Pharmacological aspect is specifically considered to illustrate the biocompatibility of such biologically active molecules. Molecular recognition, controlled release of a drug and sensing field have received the great consideration under host–guest chemistry. Encapsulation of guest molecules in aqueous phase inside the nanocage of host molecules, such as cyclodextrins and several other water-soluble hosts lights up an advanced technique into the field of molecular recognition (inclusion or complexation) owing to extensive non-covalent interactions. The potent pharmacological activity of bioactive compounds often gets influenced through molecular recognition. Supramolecular host-guest chemistry covers a broad aspect related to the inclusion complex formation between the host and the guest molecules. Hydrophobic nanocage of host molecules are very efficient in binding variety of guest molecules. Over the past few decades, the supramolecular assembly has been extensively investigated in several fields including analytical chemistry and drug-delivery. Cyclodextrins (CDs), are the most suitable host compounds owing to their ability for controlled passage of guest molecules after inclusion complex formation thereby increasing bioavailability of the compound. Ionic liquids (IL) or famously known as molten salts at room temperature currently received great consideration in many areas of chemistry by the researchers across the globe. The most significant characteristic of ILs is the “tunability” of various physical and chemical properties by modifying structure. Many reviews have highlighted the different characteristics of ILs and their potential application. ILs are blessed with some exceptional properties as most of them have a negligible vapor pressure, unparalleled thermal and electrochemical stability, low flammability and commending dissolution properties with large variety of organic/inorganic compounds. ILs mainly consist of different category of cations and anions. They found significant applications as biphasic systems for separation, solvents for many synthetic and catalytic applications, lubricants, extensively in lithium batteries, supercapacitors, actuators, substitute for conventional solvents, alternative for reaction media and active pharmaceutical ingredients. However, the most important characteristic associated with ILs is the “tunability” of their structure. They can easily modify their structure to achieve the specific chemical or electrochemical applications. In order to investigate the stability of proteins, (ILs) are generally employed as a novel medium . Amino acids are considered ideal system for investigating the characteristics of proteins. Further denaturation, solvation and dissociation of enzyme are highly affected by the neighbouring environment. The emergence of assorted interactions is conventionally examined by estimation of the apparent molar volume ( v  ), limiting apparent molar volume ( 0 v  ), molar refraction ( M R ), limiting molar refraction ( 0 M R ) viscosity B coefficients obtained from different physicochemical methodologies. This study features the variety of physicochemical characteristics of amino acid in solution of Ionic liquid in water. This work helps in interpretating the behaviour of these compounds in complex structures of proteins. Here we have selected an Ionic liquid as an additive (electrolyte) as they are blessed with various advantages as a function of concentration, temperature, and ambient pressure. Thermodynamic, viscometry, volumetric, refractometric, surface tension measurements have been carried out as these properties are susceptible towards the solute-solute and solute-solvent interaction. Investigation of these properties greatly support to understand the structure and characteristics of solutes in aqueous medium and gives a reliable explanation for the complicated nature of molecular interactions in various biochemical processes occurring in the human body. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to (1) investigate and understand the significance of supramolecular recognition owing to their diverse range of applications in varied fields such as pharmaceutical, biomedical sciences etc. (2) understand and evaluate the molecular interactions between ionic liquid and various biomolecules in order to manifest the behaviour of these compounds in complex structures of proteins for further application. Summary of work done Chapter I This chapter contains the details of the research work, their objective, scope and applications in the modern science. A detailed discussion about the scope of selecting the biologically active molecules, cyclodextrins, amino acids and ionic liquids have been included. This chapter consist a brief list of all the techniques of investigations i in the research work. Chapter II This chapter consist the review of the previous works reported by scientists and researchers in the field of supramolecular and solution chemistry around the world. This chapter also includes the detail of theories of investigation. The interactive forces existing among the various molecules have been discussed in detail. The underlying theories of investigating techniques, i.e., theory of 1H NMR , FT-IR, Fluorescence, UV-Visible spectroscopy, Mass spectrometry and Thermogravimetric analysis, Powder X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Surface tension study, Molecular docking study, Antibacterial activity study, Cytotoxicity study, CT-DNA interaction study, Photostability study, Surface tension, Conductivity, Density, Viscosity, Refractive index studies have been discussed thoroughly and the importance of this research work also included in this thesis. Chapter III This chapter presents the experimental section. It includes the details of name, structure, physical properties and applications of the biologically active molecules, cyclodextrins, amino acids, ionic liquids and solvents used in the research work. It consists the briefing about the experimental methodologies. Chapter IV This chapter contains of the encapsulation of rhodanine within the cavity of α-cyclodextrin and β- cyclodextrin. This work has been investigated by spectroscopic, physicochemical methods. Job plots using UV-Visible spectroscopy confirms the 1:1 stoichiometry of the host-guest molecular assembly. This observation was again supported by mass spectrometric analysis. UV-Visible spectroscopy has been employed to calculate association constants for the inclusion complexes using Benesi– Hildebrand method. Thermodynamic parameters have been calculated and it ascertains the thermodynamically spontaneity of the overall inclusion processes. 1H NMR and FT-IR investigations illustrates the quantitative insight on the possible mode of encapsulation in inclusion complexes. Thermal stability of rhodanine on inclusion with cyclodextrins has been evaluated by DSC analysis. Computational study further provides the useful understanding on the inclusion mode of rhodanine molecule into the nanocage of cyclodextrins. The surface morphology of the inclusion complexes was investigated by SEM. Photostability and CT-DNA interaction studies are investigated by UV Visible spectroscopy. Finally, the biological activity namely; cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of the inclusion complexes were evaluated and a comparative study was carried out with respect to pure rhodanine. Chapter V This chapter presents the study of the host-guest inclusion complex of gemcitabine with β-cyclodextrin, photostability, CT-DNA study and its biological activity. The prepared complex was characterized by numerous physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. Job plot, and mass spectrometric analysis confirms the 1:1 ratio host-guest inclusion complex. Association constant has been determined by Benesi–Hildebrand method. The Gibb’s free energy of binding has been calculated by evaluating the binding constant which confirms the inclusion process is spontaneous. The mode of inclusion was investigated by 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopic analysis. PXRD and SEM analysis have been carried to reaffirm the inclusion complex formation. The enhancement in the photo stability of gemcitabine through complexation was investigated by UV-visible spectroscopic analysis. Molecular docking study presented the most preferred site for binding of gemcitabine molecule within the cavity of β-cyclodextrin. The apoptosis and antibacterial activity of the inclusion complex was investigated in detail and subsequently compared with free gemcitabine. Chapter VI This chapter presents the thorough analysis on the diverse molecular interactions of implausible amino acid, L-leucine (AA) in the aqueous solution of Benzyltriethylammoniun chloride (BTEACl), Benzyltributylammoniun chloride (BTBACl) have been carried out by numerous physicochemical techniques such as Density, Refractive index, Viscosity, Electrical conductivity, at four different temperatures ranging from 298.15 K to 318.15 K. 1HNMR and UV-visible analysis were carried out to investigate the solute- solvent interaction. Association constant for L-Leucine-BTBACl system as well as for L-Leucine-BTEACl system were evaluated to understand the diverse intermolecular interactions in the solution phase using UV-vis spectroscopy. Formation of thermodynamic background owing to different interactions occurring in the ternary mixtures were studied by evaluating the free energies of numerous molecular interactions. The source of various interactions is evaluated by calculating the apparent molar volume (ϕV), limiting apparent molar volume (ϕV0), viscosity Bcoefficients, molar refraction (RM), limiting molar refraction (RM0), molar conductivity (Λ) and surface tension (σ)volume, molar refraction, limiting molar refraction, viscosity B coefficients. Furthermore, adsorption energy, molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) maps and reduced density gradient (RDG) obtained by the application of density functional theory (DFT), have been used to determine the type of interactions which are consistent with the experimental observations. Chapter VII This chapter provides the detail analysis and application of supramolecular complexations of a very important antibiotic and a potential acetylcholine esterase inhibitor nitrofurantoin with α and β-cyclodextrins in aqueous medium. The molecular interactions have been investigated using 1HNMR spectroscopic studies, Job plot confirms the 1:1 stoichiometry of host with guest in the inclusion complexes. Binding constants for the formation of inclusion complexes have been determined using Benesi–Hildebrand method with the help of UV-visible spectroscopy. Free energy of binding of nitrofurantoin with cyclodextrins have been calculated from the binding constant value. This information subsequently determines the thermodynamic feasibility of the encapsulation process. PXRD and SEM studies further supports the inclusion complexes formation. Photo stability, CTDNA interaction studies of the inclusion complexes was carried out using UV-visible spectroscopy. Molecular docking study indicates the most preferable binding orientation of nitrofurantoin within the cavity of cyclodextrins. Chapter VIII This chapter contains the concluding remarks related the research works carried out in this thesis.
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    Exploration of assortment of interfaces of some lonik liquids in solvent system by physicochemical approach
    (University of North Bengal, 2016) Ray, Tanusree; Roy, Mahendra Nath
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    Exploration of interactions of some vitamins prevailing in liquid Systems by physicochemical contrivances.
    (University of North Bengal, 2014) Chakraborty, Palash; Roy, Mahendra Nath
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    Exploration of solvation consequences of some ionic liquids and biologically potent molecules prevailing in different liquid environments
    (University of North Bengal, 2022) Majumder, Sukdev; Roy, Mahendra Nath; Roy, Nitish
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    Investigation in solution properties of bio-active solutes and mineral salts prevailing in some aqueous and non-aqueous solvent system
    (University of North Bengal, 2012) Roy, Pran Kumar; Roy, Mahendra Nath
    Thermo-physical and bulk properties of solutions are very useful to obtain information on the intermolecular interactions and geometrical effects in the systems. Moreover, knowledge of the thermodynamic properties is essential for the proper design of industrial processes. Accurate knowledge of thermodynamic properties of solution mixtures has great relevance in theoretical and applied areas of research. The branch of physical chemistry that studies the change in properties that arise when one substance dissolves in another substance is termed as solution chemistry. It investigates the solubility of substances and how it is affected by the chemical nature of both the solute and the solvent. The mixing of different solute or solvent with another solvent/solvent mixtures gives rise to solutions that generally do not behave ideally. This deviation from ideality is expressed in terms of many thermodynamic parameters, by excess properties in case of liquid-liquid mixtures and apparent molar properties in case of solid-liquid mixtures. These thermodynamic properties of solvent mixtures corresponds to the difference between the actual property and the property if the system behves ideally and thus are useful in the study of molecular interactions and arraangements. In particular, they reflect the interaction that take place between solute-solute, solute-solvent and solvent-solvent species.However, the exact structure of the solvent molecule is not known with certainity. The addition of an ion or solute modifies the solvent structure to an extent whereas the solute molecules are also modified. The extent of ion-salvation is dependent upon the interactions taking place between solute-solute, solute-solvent, solvent-solvent species. The assesment of ion-pairing in these systems is important because of its effect on the ionic mobility and hence on the ionic conductivity of the ions in solution. These phenomenon thus paves the path for research in solution chemistry to elucidate the nature of interaction through experimental studies involving densitometry, viscometry, interferrometry, refractometry and other suitable methods and to interpret the experimental data collected. Caffeine, nicotinamide, resorsinol, glycine, catechol, oxalic acid, tetrabutyl ammonium iodide, tetra pentyl ammonium iodide, tetra hexyl ammonium iodide, tetra heptyl ammonium iodide, N-Cetyl-N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium bromide, DGlucose, D-Mannitol, D-Sucrose, thorium nitrate, sodium molibdate, phosphomolibdic acid, lithim nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, silver sulphate which are considered as solutes, have been chosen in this research work. Nitrobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, 2-Methoxy ethanol, along with water also considered as solvents. These solutes and solvents have wide application in chemical fields and various industries like pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, battery technology, agricultural products etc. In this research work more emphasis have been given to Bio active compounds ("plant bioactives" or "bioactive compounds") they are mainly inherent non-nutrient constituents of food plants and edible mushrooms with anticipated health promoting and toxic effects when ingested. Bioactive compounds derived from plant foods, are of growing interest to the scientific community and food industry because of their putative health-promoting properties. Increasing evidences report beneficial effects of bioactive compounds, particularly against cancers, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. They may also serve as adjusting factors in human body due to their physiological activity. Most bioactive compounds of natural origin are secondary metabolites, i.e., species-specific chemical agents. Information about food sources, concentrations and intakes of bioactive compounds, as well knowledge of their absorption, metabolism and biological effects, is needed in order to evaluate their potential health benefits. Pharmacological activity is usually taken to describe beneficial effects of bioactive compounds. There is sufficient evidence to recommend consuming food sources rich in bioactive compounds. From a practical perspective, this translates to recommending a diet rich in a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, oils, and nuts. In the body under physiological conditions, many vital functions are regulated by pulsed or transient release of bioactive substances at a specific time and site. Thus, to mimic the function of living systems, it is important to develop new drug delivery devices to achieve pulsed delivery of a certain amount of a bioactive compound at predetermined time intervals. The ability to deliver bioactive compounds and/ or therapeutic agents to a patient in a palatine or staggered release profile has been a major goal in drug delivery research over the last two decades. Rice bran has been recognized as an excellence source of bioactive compounds, but only a small amount is consumed by humans. The limitation of using rice bran in a food industry is its rough texture and low concentration of bioactive compounds, when incorporated into food products. Various methods have been developed to enhance the level of bioactive components in food materials, including thermal, alkali, acid and chemical treatments. Many bioactive compounds have been discovered. These compounds vary widely in chemical structure and function and are grouped accordingly. Phenolic compounds, including their subcategory, flavonoids, are present in all plants and have been studied extensively in cereals, legumes, nuts, olive oil, vegetables, fruits, tea, and red wine. Many phenolic compounds have antioxidant properties, and some studies have demonstrated favorable effects on thrombosis and tumorogenesis and promotion. One of many phenolics in olives and olive oil is a potent antioxidant. Resveratrol, found in nuts and red wine, has antioxidant, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, and inhibits carcinogenesis. Lycopene, a potent antioxidant carotenoid in tomatoes and other fruits, is thought to protect against prostate and other cancers, and inhibits tumor cell growth in animals. Catechol is used mainly as a precursor to pesticides, flavors and fragrances. It is also consumed in the production of pesticides, the remainder being used as a precursor to fine chemicals such as perfumes and pharmaceuticals. Mannitol is used clinically to reduce acutely raised intracranial pressure until more definitive treatment can be applied, e.g., after head trauma. It is also used to treat patients with oliguric renal failure.Glucose circulates in the blood, providing energy to organs, glands, muscles, indeed to every cell Glucose is used in oxidation. More complex sugars have to be changed to glucose first before they can be broken down to release energy in respiration Glucose is a ubiquitous fuel in biology. Caffeine is an alkaloid of methylxanthine family, its main pharmacological properties are a stimulant action on the central nervous system .it also acts as a natural pesticide since it paralyses and kills some of the insects. Organosulfur compounds in garlic and onions, isothiocyanates in cruciferous vegetables, and monoterpenes in citrus fruits, cherries, and herbs have anticarcinogenic actions in experimental models, as well as cardioprotective effects. Sodium Molybdate is used in industry for corrosion inhibition, as it is a nonoxidizing anodic inhibitor. The addition of sodium molybdate significantly reduces the nitrite requirement of fluids inhibited with nitrite-amine, and improves the corrosion protection of carboxylate salt fluids. Phosphomolybdic acid is widely used to stain connective tissues by dyes. It has been found polyvalent phosphomolybdic acid appears to form a bridge between the basic group of the substrate and the basic group of the dye. Oxalic acid and oxalates are useful as reducing agents for photography, bleaching, and rust removal. They are widely used as a purifying agent in pharmaceutical industry, precipitating agent in rare-earth metal processing, bleaching agent in textile and wood industry, rust-remover for metal treatment, grinding agent, waste water treatment. It is used as acid rinse in laundries and removing scale from automobile radiators. Nicotinamide is commonly known as vitamin B. It plays a very important role to maintain the normal function of the digestive systems and cholesterol levels in the human body. The combination of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide is clinically referred to as niacin. Glycine serves as a buffering agent in antacids, analgesics, antiperspirants, cosmetics, and toiletries. Glycine is an intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of chemical products. In summary numerous bioactive compounds appear to have beneficial health effects. I Much scientific research needs to be conducted before we can begin to make science-based dietary recommendations. On the other hand minerals are naturally-occurring elements needed by the body and its vital activities. Each mineral, with its own specific task, even in the small and often minute quantities necessary, is indispensable for important life functions; they are needed for the formation of hormones, enzymes and other body substances. They're generally found in foods in the form of chemical compounds called salts and in water in the form of ion.soluble. Animals need more than salt for proper health and nutrition. Animals need trace mineral supplements. They are needed in very small amounts, or traces, in the diet, and hence their name, "trace minerals. Mineral salts do not usually contain the element carbon and are therefore inorganic (organic compounds always contain carbon).Plant roots absorb individual mineral ions from soil water. Some of the ions travel by diffusion into the root; others are absorbed by active transport. The minerals required in the greatest amounts are those containing the element nitrogen, for example nitrate ions ( or 'nitrates'), which are a key component of inorganic fertilizer. A plant uses nitrates in the production of proteins such as enzymes, so they are important for plant growth. They are often in short supply in the soil, which is why inorganic fertilizers are required. Plants also require magnesium in order to make chlorophyll, the green chemical that absorbs the ei:iergy of sunlight for photosynthesis. Sodium nitrate is used as an ingredient in fertilizers, pyrotechnics, as an ingredient in smoke bombs, as a food preservative, and as a solid rocket propellant, as well as in glass and pottery enamels. Potassium nitrate is a strong oxidizer which burns and explodes with organics. It is used in the manufacture of gunpowder. It is also used in explosives, fireworks, matches, and fertilizers, and as a preservative in foods especially meats. It is sometimes used in medicine as a diuretic. Lithium nitrate is used as an electrolyte for high temperature batteries. It is also used for long life batteries as required, for example, by artificial pacemakers. The solid is used as a phosphor for neutron detection.Quaternary ammonium compounds compounds are used as, Surface-active agents , Solvents , Intermediates, Active Ingredient for Conditioners, Antistatic Agent, Detergent Sanitisers, Softner for textiles and paper products, Phase Transfer Catalyst, Antimicrobials, Disinfection Agents And Sanitizers, Slimicidal Agents, Algaecide, Emulsifying Agents, Pigment Dispersers. The study of these solvents and solutes, in general, are of interest because of their wide use in many industries with interests ranging from pharmaceutical to cosmetic products. Summary of the Works Done CHAPTERI This chapter contains the object and applications of the research work, the solvents and solutes used and methods of investigations. This also involves the summary of the works done associated with the thesis. CHAPTER-II This chapter contains the general introduction of the thesis and forms the background of the present work. A brief review of notable works in the field of ionsolvent interaction has been given. The discussion includes solute-solvent, solutesolute and solvent-solvent interactions of mixed solvent systems and of electrolytes in pure, aqueous, non-aqueous solvent systems at various temperatures in terms of various derived parameters of conductance, density, viscosity, ultrasonic speed, and refractive index. Critical evaluations of different methods on the relative merits and demerits on the basis of various assumptions employed from time to time of obtaining the single ion values and their implications have been made. The molecular interactions are interpreted based on various equations. l., CHAPTER-III This chapter contains the experimental section which mainly involves the structure, source, purification and application of the solvents and solutes used and the details of the experimental methods employed for measurement of the thermodynamic, transport, acoustic and optical properties. CHAPTER-IV This chapter quantifies the Precise measurements on electrical conductances of tetraalkylammonium iodides, R4NI (R = butyl to heptyl) in different mass% (20- 80) of carbon tetrachloride + nitrobenzene at 298.15 K have been performed. Limiting molar conductances ( A0 ), association constants (KA) and co-sphere diameter ( R) for ion-pair formation in the mixed solvent mixtures have been evaluated using the Lee-Wheaton conductivity equation. However, the deviation of the conductometric curves ( A versus ✓c ) from linearity for the electrolytes in 80 mass% of carbon tetrachloride + nitrobenzene indicated triple ion formation and therefore corresponding conductance data have been analyzed by the Fuoss- Kraus theory of triple ions. Limiting ionic molar conductances (A~) have been calculated by the reference electrolyte method along with a numerical evaluation of ion-pair and triple-ion formation constants ( KP ~ KA and Kr); the results have been discussed in terms of solvent properties, configurational theory and molecular scale model. CHAPTER-V In this chapter, Partial molar volumes ( (l) and viscosity B-coefficients for nicotinamide in (0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) mol.dm-3 aqueous resorcinol solutions have been determined from solution density and viscosity measurements at (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) Kasa function of the concentration of nicotinamide (NA). Here the relation ¢i = a0 + a1T + a2T2 , has been used to describe the temperature dependence of the partial molar volume ( ¢i) .These results and the results obtained in pure water were used to calculate the standard volumes of transfer ( t1¢i) and viscosity B-coefficients of transfer for nicotinamide from water to aqueous resorcinol solutions to study various interactions in the ternary solutions. The partial molar volume ( ¢S) and experimental slopes obtained from the Masson equation have been interpreted in terms of solute-solvent and solutesolute interactions, respectively. The viscosity data have been analyzed using the Jones-Dole equation, and the derived parameters Band A have also been interpreted in terms of solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions, respectively in the ternary solutions. The structure making or breaking ability of nicotinamide has been discussed in terms of the sign of (c>2¢i I 8T 2 ) p. The activation parameters of viscous flow for the ternary solutions studied were also calculated and explained by the application of transition state theory. CHAPTER-VI Proteins are complex molecules and their behavior in solutions is governed by a combination of many specific interactions. One approach that reduces the degree of complexity and requires less complex measurement techniques is to study the interactions in systems containing smaller biomolecules, such as amino acids and peptides. Some studies have revealed that the presence of an electrolyte drastically affects the behaviors of amino acids in solutions and this fact can be used for their separation and purification. Therefore, in this chapter an attempt has been made to unravel the various interactions prevailing in a amino acid, Glycine in aqueous silver sulphate solutions by volumetric, viscometric study at 298.15, 308.15, 318.15 K. CHAPTER-VII In this chapter Apparent molar volume ( r/Jv) and viscosity B-coefficients were measured for phosphomolybdic acid in aqueous solution of catechol from solution density [p) and viscosity [TJ) at 298.15, 308.15 and 318.lSK at various solute concentrations. The experimental density data were evaluated by Masson equation and the derived data were interpreted in terms of ion-solvent and ion-ion interactions. The viscosity data have been analyzed using Jones -Dole equation and the derived parameters, B and A, have been interpreted in terms of ion-solvent and ion-ion interactions respectively. The structure-making or breaking capacity of the solute under investigation has been discussed in terms of sign of(f/¢i I 8T 2 ) p. The activation parameters of viscous flow were determined and discussed by application of transition state theory. CHAPTER-VIII This chapter presents a study of densities, viscosities and sound speeds have been determined for sodium molybdate in various mole-fractions of aqueous oxalic acid solutions. From the experimental data, apparent molar volume ( ¢v) and viscosity B-coefficients were calculated at 303.15, 313.15 and 323.lSK using Masson equation and Jones - Dole equation respectively. Adiabatic compressibility of different solutions has been determined from measurement of ultrasonic speeds of sound at 303.lSK. Partial molar volumes ( r/Ji) and viscosity B-coefficients (LlB) of transfer from water to aqueous oxalic acid mixtures have been calculated and discussed. The structure-making or breaking capacity of the solute under investigation has been discussed in terms of sign of ( 8 2 r/Ji I 8 T 2 ),, • The activation parameters of viscous flow were determined and discussed by application of transition state theory. CHAPTER-IX This chapter presents a study of Apparent molar volumes ( ¢i) and viscosity B-coefficients for mineral salts in aqueous binary mixture of 2-methoxy ethanol have been estimated from solution density and viscosity measurements at 298.15 K and at various electrolyte concentrations as a function of the concentration of mineral salts. Experimental density data were analyzed using the Masson equation and the derived parameters interpreted in terms of ion-solvent and ion-ion interactions. The viscosity data have been analyzed using the Jones-Dole equation, and the derived parameters B and A have also been interpreted in terms of solutesolvent and solute-solute interactions. CHAPTER-X In this chapter, Apparent molar volumes ( ¢v) and viscosity B-coefficients for some carbohydrates (D-Glucose, D-Mannitol and D-Sucrose) in 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, aqueous cetrimmonium bromide (N-Cetyl-N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium bromide) (C19H42BrN) solutions have been determined from solution density (p) and viscosity (11) measurements at 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15 Kasa function of the concentration of carbohydrates. The standard partial molar volume ( ¢,~) and experimental slopes ( s:) obtained from the Masson equation have been interpreted in terms of solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions, respectively. The viscosity data were analyzed using the Jones-Dole equation, and the derived parameters A and B have also been interpreted in terms of solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions, respectively in the mixed solutions. The relation, ¢i = a0 + a1T + a2T2 , has been used to describe the temperature dependence of the standard partial molar volume ( ¢i ). The structure making or breaking ability of carbohydrates has been discussed in terms of sign of (8 2¢i / 8T 2 ) as well as dB/dT- The activation p J parameters of viscous flow were also determined and were discussed by the application of transition state theory. CHAPTER-XI This chapter contains Apparent molar volumes ( ¢v) and viscosity Bcoefficients for the alkaloid- caffeine in (0.00, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07) mol · dm-3 aqueous thorium nitrate, Th(N03)4 solutions have been determined from solution density and viscosity measurements at temperatures in the range (298.15 to 318.15) K as function of concentration of caffeine. In the investigated temperature range, the relation:
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    Investigation on salt-solution and solution-solution properties by physico-chemical techniques
    (University of North Bengal, 2010) Das, Rajesh Kumar; Roy, Mahendra Nath
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    Investigation on solute-solute, solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions prevailing in some liquid system
    (University of North Bengal, 2009) Ghosh, Gargi; Roy, Mahendra Nath
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    Physico-chemical investigation of various properties prevailing in liquid-liquide mixtures and electrolytic solutions
    (University of North Bengal, 2009) Sarkar, Bipul Kumar; Roy, Mahendra Nath
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    Physico-chemical investigation on molecular interactions occurring in various liquid systems
    (University of North Bengal, 2010) Bhattacharjee, Arijit; Roy, Mahendra Nath
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