Anweshan - journal of Department of Commerce, Vol. 7, No. 1

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/5511

Editorial

It is a matter of utmost satisfaction and relief that 'Anweshan' could be published after a one-year gap forced on the activities of higher educational institutions in India due to the pandemic in 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed work environments to a significant extent. Many companies have adopted hybrid models of allowing employees to work both from home and office. This transition has influenced all facets of business from corporate culture, real estate trends, technology adoption in services, agriculture and financial services. Fin-Tech continues to disrupt traditional banking and financial services. Consumers are more informed and have heightened expectations regarding product quality, ethical sourcing, and corporate responsibility. Brands that align with consumer values are more likely to gain loyalty and market share. Many business models, once the foundation of commerce and management, are now being tested by technological advancements, geo-political changes and environmental imperatives. The advent of artificial intelligence, big data, and automation is restyling business at an unparalleled speed. Moreover, the global nature of modern business requires a broader, more inclusive perspective.

It is under these perspectives that we need to address and incorporate themes that reflect these changes and the policy implications of these changes and publish articles that are backed by thorough research, data analysis, and narratives to provide well-founded insights and recommendations.

This volume incorporates four articles based on various themes. The first article authored by Kalpataru Bandopadhya and Abhijit Sinha delved into the unique strategies adopted by four leading real estate companies in India, i.e., DLF, Godrej Properties, Oberoi Realty and Prestige Estates to match the uncertain macro-economic environment created due the pandemic in 2020. Joy Sarkar and Raj Das came up with the observation that corporations that can reduce emission generate carbon credit, the right of which can be sold to entities that are emitting more CO2 and GHGs. This may affect corporate valuations and share prices. They have therefore attempted to study the relationship between carbon emission prices and Indian stock market performance. Mintu Adhikari evaluated the drivers and barriers to Ag-tech startup adoption by farmers in Jalpaiguri district in West Bengal and found a low level of awareness and adoption about Agtech startups among farmers, according to him lack of awareness, limited technical knowledge, perceived irrelevance, and infrastructure challenges, were significant barriers hindering their usage. Sushismita Paul came out with existing health insurance business models, various digital technologies used by insurers, the benefits of using technology for both insurers and customers and the difficulties that needs to be overcome in order to achieve successful implementation of technology adoption in insurance industry.

I thank all the authors for their valuable contributions and all the reviewers for their prompt response for reviewing the articles. This volume had to be restricted to four articles so as to optimize the financial commitments that increase with the size of the volume to be published. The publication of this journal is entirely financed from the budget head of the Department of Commerce, which by no means allows being spendthrift and finding sustainable funding models that balance accessibility, quality, and operational costs is a major challenge. I hope this volume will be useful for the readers.

Prof. Samirendra Nath Dhar

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    Implementation of Technology in Health Insurance Business in India: A Critical Assessment
    (University of North Bengal, 2021) Paul, Suchismita
    Technology is being implemented in the insurance industry all over the world. This study looks into existing health insurance business models, various digital technologies used by insurers, and the benefits of using technology for both insurers and customers. Finally, the difficulties that must be overcome in order to achieve successful implementation have been discussed. There are three types of business models emerging: web-aggregators that facilitate the online sale of insurance through websites; digital insurers that are purely online and use AI, blockchain, and data analytics either in-house or in partnership with tech companies to conduct business; and traditional insurers. Third, tech service providers teamed up with established insurers to create tech-based solutions in the insurance industry.
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    Drivers and Barriers of Agtech Startups: An Empirical Study in Jalpaiguri District of West Bengal
    (University of North Bengal, 2021) Adhikary, Mintu
    The advancement of technology is changing the face of Indian agriculture unlocking investment opportunities and solving issues of global food security. Central to this evolution is agricultural technology, or Agtech, which is capable of placing India amongst the top countries in terms of agricultural output. This paper evaluates the drivers and barriers to Agtech startup adoption by farmers in the Jalpaiguri district in West Bengal. The research adopted a mixed-method research approach. The results of the analysis show that there is a low level of awareness about Agtech startups among farmers, and adoption rates are even lower with only 15.3% of the respondents having used services of such platforms. Lack of awareness, limited technical knowledge, perceived irrelevance, and infrastructure challenges, were cited as significant barriers hindering their usage. It recommends that such barriers should be effectively addressed through awareness programs, training activities and better rural infrastructure. This will assist Agtech in enhancing food security and promoting the growth of Indian agriculture.
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    The Impact of Carbon Price on Stock Market Returns: An Indian Experience
    (University of North Bengal, 2021) Sarkar, Joy; Das, Raj
    The rapid industrialisation is unquestionably considered as a key to achieve higher economic growth and development in modern civilization today. But, this in turn leads to higher carbon emissions and other GHGs. Ever since the Industrial Revolution; human – induced anthropogenic activities have resulted in huge emission of the GHGs due to which global warming has become a serious concern. Undoubtedly, higher industrial outputs add to the country’s growth but captivating profits at the cost of nature should not be continued. However, in 1997, with the emergence of the Kyoto Protocol, both developed and developing economies started to treat this matter seriously. Under this protocol the carbon credit system was established that imposed quotas on countries having more carbon emissions. Ever since then, the developing countries with less carbon emission generated carbon credits. This carbon credit can be traded actively in the international market at a certain market price to those developed economies with more carbon emission above the cap limit. This led to a rise in the carbon market to boost both the sustainable and environmental friendly practices among entities. Corporations that can reduce emission generate carbon credit, the right of which can be sold to entities that are emitting more CO2 and GHGs. Does this in any way affect corporate valuation and share price? This paper attempts to study the relationship between Carbon emission price and Indian stock market performance for a period covering FY 2008 to FY 2010. The research used simple regression analysis to test the relationship between dependent variables (BSE GREEENEX, BSE INDUSTRIALS, PCBL Ltd., Rain Industries and Reliance Industries) and independent variables (Carbon emission prices). This research is purely based on secondary data collected from websites, journals and other sources. This paper also tries to highlight the trends in the carbon market in India during the period of study.
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    Navigating Uncertainty: Business Strategies in the Indian Real Estate Sector amid the Pandemic
    (University of North Bengal, 2021) Bandopadhyay, Kalpataru; Sinha, Abhijit
    Companies follow generic plans to survive and grow whereas they adopt specific strategies to fit with the environment. The unprecedented pandemic arising out of the uncertain macro-economic environment and had an adverse impact on the real estate sector. This study delves into the unique strategies adopted by four leading companies to match environmental dynamism. This case study is based on secondary data. The information of the paper is primarily supported by the annual report of the company, the interview of the management, their presentation in investor meets. The strategy adopted by DLF was conservative and short-term focused, in contrast to the aggressive and long-term focused strategy of Godrej Properties. Oberoi Realty almost maintained status quo in its business operations, whereas Prestige Estates adopted an innovative strategy of generating cash by selling stake in many subsidiaries using which it purchased properties and projects at discounted prices. Even while operating in the same macro environment setup, a company's successful strategy may not be appropriate for all business models. Each business entity is distinct since they each have a separate set of strengths and weaknesses. This paper aims to argue that the strategy is business-specific. Any effective business strategy of a company, though, might be modified and tailored to fit into another company with due care.