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    Safeguarding Privacy in the Age of AI-Powered Legal Services: Navigating Data Protection Challenges and Ethical Imperatives
    (University of North Bengal, 2024) Yadawa, Surendra Kumar; Singh, Sukhwinder
    In the age of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and quantum computing, information is moving worldwide. No aspect of life is left untouched by it, the increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has raised concerns about privacy as well as data security among governments, industry and common people. The absence of legal coherence with the changing technological landscape has made the challenge even tougher. AI's transformative impact on judicial services necessitates balancing innovation with privacy, focusing on managing sensitive data, regulatory compliance, and ethical standards in AI-driven legal frameworks. This explores data protection challenges, and ethical imperatives in AI-powered legal services, emphasising privacy safeguards and regulatory compliance mechanisms. Integrating AI in legal services demands a comprehensive approach to address data privacy, security, and ethical considerations. In India, the evolving AI landscape emphasises the need for robust regulatory frameworks to ensure compliance with privacy concerns and mitigate risks. The complexity of AI systems necessitates transparency, accountability, and human oversight at every stage of development and deployment. Ethical imperatives, such as safeguarding user rights and maintaining public trust, are crucial. Indian experiences highlight a growing demand for legal frameworks that balance innovation with data protection, ensuring AI technologies serve justice without compromising privacy. This article advocates for active assessment of AI systems within the framework of existing laws, and calls for responsible innovation focused on AI applications and impacts and legal compliance of AI technologies in India, paving the way for a sustainable and privacy-focused approach to AI governance.
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    Combatting Deep-fakes in India – An Analysis of the Evolving Legal Paradigm and Its Challenges
    (University of North Bengal, 2024-03) Sarkar, Diya; De Sarkar, Sudipta
    Advancement of artificial intelligence and machine learning have spurred a new wave of propagation of false content and information about events and people, as part of entertainment, disparagement, fraud, influencing patterns and perceptions of consumers and voters etc., using deep-fake materials and targeted disinformation campaigns. Many institutions now perceive deep-fakes as a significantly greater hazard than identity theft, which can also be done with deep-fakes. This is especially true since the COVID-19 pandemic when most interactions went online. The advancement of deep-fake technology has reached a stage where the validity and integrity of any digital audio or video content available online may be called into question. This study presents a conceptualization of deep-fakes, explores their socio-legal ramifications, and evaluates the current legal ecosystem in the United States, Europe, and India. The authors through a comparative review intend to present constructive recommendations for addressing the difficulties posed by deep-fake technology and restoring trust within the digital ecosystem. The primary aim of the authors is to draw attention to the existing vulnerabilities linked to deep-fake technology and underscore the significance of implementing legislative regulations to effectively tackle these problems.
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    Deepfakes on Copyright Law- Inadequacy of Present Laws in Determining the Real Issues
    (University of North Bengal, 2024-03) Nath, Aranya; B., Sreelakshmi
    We are in the 21st century, where rapid development of deep fakes technology led to cause harmful consequences justifies some form of regulation. The proposed laws are diverse, addressing many hazards linked with deep fakes. Rather than exploring the field, this Article investigates solutions to a specific set of concerns relating to national security. The interests are concerned with challenges to our social order. A bad actor may use deep fakes to exploit societal differences, destabilize political discussion, and erode faith in political institutions. The ensuing concrete harms might have far-reaching consequences for campaign reform, military operations, and intelligence collection missions, among other things. This Article discusses the legal and constitutional restrictions on any law aiming at legislating deep fakes and the issues related to national security.
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    NOTES AND COMMENTS Regulating Artificial Intelligence under Data Protection Law: Challenges and Solutions for India
    (University of North Bengal, 2023-09) Naithani, Paarth
    As India moves toward enacting a comprehensive data protection legislation, it becomes essential to examine the possible application of India’s proposed data protection law to the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The various challenges posed by AI to data protection principles and data principals’ rights need to be examined. The need for data maximisation in the use of AI challenges the principle of collection limitation. The difficulty in anticipating the processing purposes of AI challenges the principle of purpose limitation. With a brief introduction to AI and data protection law in India, the paper examines the compatibility of various data protection provisions under India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 with AI. The paper also provides recommendations for data protection regulation of AI. The paper proposes the need to hold data fiduciaries accountable using Data Protection Impact Assessments, Codes of Practice and Security Measures. Besides, there is a need to define the fiduciary duty of care between the data principal and data fiduciary. There is a need recognize data protection by design and default and the Right against automated decision making. Technical solutions need to be explored, but at the same time, AI must not be over-regulated. Lastly, there is a need for flexibly interpreting the provisions of the proposed data protection law.
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    Excavating the Role of Digital Twins in Upgrading Cities and Homes Amidst 21st Century: A Techno-Legal Perspective
    (University of North Bengal, 2023-09) Ghosh, Jayanta; Banerji, Oishika
    Considering factors like technological up-gradation, digital awakening, sustainability, and smart living with machines, the concept of smart cities and smart homes have stepped in with the helping hand offered by digital twins in this era of the 21st century. Aiming to connect physical objects with virtual ones, digital twins using bi-directional connectivity helps maximize the potential of a city, pushing it to grow beyond its capabilities. A rise in the use of virtual simulation technologies reflects the importance of digital twin technology in today’s complex world. With different countries around the world adopting the concept of smart cities and homes to address various issues, the question is who addresses the detriments of walking in with this new adaptability, and who will be liable in situations of mishappening? The Narendra Modi government has initiated the birth of smart cities in India, thereby mending ways for Amravati to become the first city born out of digital twin technology. Walking in with the great potential to transform urban governance and increase urban metabolism, digital twins powered with Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things, 5G, blockchain technology have made a significant place in a man’s daily life. A feasible device for urban planning, the subject of digital twins is divergent enough to have an exhaustive coverage. Therefore, there lies room for further development, study, and implementation of this technology. One must not forget that paralyzed laws and regulations welcoming new sets of challenges possessed by the revolutionary digital twins have been in the spotlight of discussion for some time now. Channelizing the same stands utmost in the era of smart living with the help of a well-planned legal framework to address issues arising from the claws of this technology.