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    Defense of Frege’s ‘Third Realm’
    (University of North Bengal, 2025) Sarkar, Reshmee
    Frege’s semantic theory is known as sense-reference theory. This semantic theory is primarily associated with the concept of thought. His semantic theory is based on the identification of sense and reference of formalised language. As a referential semanticist, Frege attempted to ensure the meaning of language with regard to the concept of truth. Now, the concept of truth cannot be determined without the concept of thought. The concept of thought is an umbrella term comprising feelings, emotions, sentiments, descriptions, etc. According to Frege, philosophy, thought and language are intertwined with each other. For Frege, the problem of language is not associated primarily with the referential aspect of language, rather it is associated with the mode of presentation of language what he termed as sense. And while determining the sense of a sentence, Frege brings the concept of thought. Thoughts, for Frege, exist independently of human beings and it is for the humans to grasp the thoughts. They are timelessly true, something like Platonic ideas. Being a semanticist, Frege at the very outset of his philosophical career developed his anti-psychological position. To differ from Lockean ideas, he introduced context principle in his philosophy of language. Thoughts, for Frege, are neither physical nor mental. Unlike ideas, thoughts are objective. He admitted third realm as the locus of thought, which is comparable to but different from both physical and mental. The aim of this paper is to redeem Frege from some transgression by contemporary philosophers on his conception of third realm.
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    ItemOpen Access
    Voices beyond Death: The Spirits of Women in the Short Stories by Rabindranath Tagore
    (University of North Bengal, 2021) Sarkar, Sanghita
    Fears of ghosts and ghoul and devotion towards the unnumbered local gods and goddess have always been an integral part of Bengali belief system. Inevitably, this has left a profound impact on Bengali literature as well. Be it the great Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore or the compositor of Bengali folk narratives Dakshinaranjan Mitra – spirits and ghosts have always been an inseparable part of Bengali writers’ creations. Though often reduced to the category of children’s fictions, many of these Bengali ghosts’ stories have crossed the boundaries of superstitions and beliefs and plunged into the opaque realm of human psychology. The current paper is an attempt to delve into this uncertain realm of human psyche with the help of three short stories by Rabindranath Tagore – ‘Kankal’ (The Skeleton),’Nishithe’ (In the Night), ‘Monihara’ (The Lost Jewel). The paper with the help of psychoanalytical feministic philosophy has attempted to explore how these ghosts’ stories have gone beyond the limits of local beliefs and superstitious sensations and brought out the problematic representation of gender roles and identities in contemporary Bengali society. In order to bring out the societal fissures the current paper here tries to raise such hypothetical questions as: i) How do these short stories expose in a covert manner the subjugation of the women in contemporary Bengali society? ii) How has the woman-self obtained voice after death in these short stories? iii) How do these stories register protests by the woman-spirits against the patriarchal Bengali socio-cultural beliefs and system?