NBU Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol. 07, No. 01

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4461

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Open Access
Assessment of genetic diversity in F2 rice seed population of a cross between Tulaipanji and Ranjit using morphological, physicochemical and SSR markers
(University of North Bengal, 2013-03) Roy, Subhas Ch.
Tulaipanji rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety is a region specific traditional cultivar of North Dinajpur district (West Bengal). It is low yielding (1.8th) cultivar due to their poor harvest index and other genetic factors such as tendency to lodging and susceptibility to foliar diseases such as blast and bacterial blight, tungro virus etc. Tulaipanji Basmati aromatic and people prefer it due to its soft fluffy grain quality with mild fragrance and easy to digest. Hence it has high demand in the market and costs Rs. 80/kg. Demand gap can be fulfilled by developing a new improved variety of Tulipanji combining its grain quality attributes with high yield potential genes/QTLs and resistance to diseases. Hybridization was made (during kharif season 2011) between Tulaipanji and Ranjit (HYV) for the introgression of short stature, high yielding responsible genes/QTLs from Ranjit to Tulaipanji for its improvement. F2 seeds population were collected and analysed based on morphological and physicochemical parameters for their genetic variability and screening. Genetic diversity among the Fl plants and parental lines were analysed using microsatellite based SSR primer in PCR amplification. SSR markers in relation to disease resistance gene/QTL such as Xa21, Pita440 and Pib sub 3-5 were used to screen the breeding lines. Xa21specific amplified band was observed in cultivar Ranjit (HYV) which was located on chromosome 6 (resistance gene/QTL for bacterial blight) and accordingly introgressed into one of the line of F1 plants (Tulaipanji x Ranjit). There was no gene/QTL specific band was amplified for SSR marker of Pi440 and Pib sub 3-5 in the parental or Fl lines for blast resistance. Grain quality QTL specific markers such as Waxy, Sbe 2 and RM225 were employed to screen the F1 and parental lines for apparent amylose content (ACC). Apparent amylose content (ACC) was 22% in Tulaipanji and 25% in Ranjit and F2 seed showed in between 22 and 25% amylose. Breeding lines showing desired traits in relation to disease resistance and quality traits can be used for the development of improved Tulaipanji rice of North Dinajpur through marker assisted selection (MAS) using SSR markers
Open Access
Isolation and identification of a virulent Ralstonia solanacearum by fliC gene amplification and induction of chitinase by 2-amino butyric acid for control of bacterial wilt in tomato plants
(University of North Bengal, 2013-03) Saha, A.; Mandal, H.; Saha, D.
Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating, soil borne bacterial pathogen of tomato. The pathogen is nonmotile in planta but highly motile in culture. On the basis of physiological and biochemical characteristics 26 isolates have been purified and identified as Ralstonia solanacearum. The flic gene is responsible for the movement of bacteria. Ralstonia specific fliC gene amplification is the indication of virulence of the pathogen. In the present study one R. solanacearum isolate has been identified by PCR amplification of the fliC gene using fliC gene specific primer. Following isolation and identification of the virulent isolate, fresh tomato plants were induced by application of 2- amino butyric acid (ABA). The defense enzyme, chitinase was estimated in treated plants. Treated inoculated plants did not show any visible symptoms of wilt even after 14 days of inoculation. Significantly it was observed that chitinase was increased in the 2-ABA-treated plants and also in the treated-inoculated plants. The increased chitinase activity in the treated plants showed that 2-ABA has the resistance inducing capacity in tomato plants against Ralstonia solanacearum.
Open Access
Begomovirus causing leaf curl disease in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) in sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India
(University of North Bengal, 2013-03) Saha, B.; Saha, D.; Saha, A.
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is an extensively cultivated vegetable crop in India. In the year 2009, a survey was conducted to find leaf curls of tomato in different locations of sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India. During the survey a severe leaf curl disease was observed. The characteristic disease symptoms (puckered leaves) and presence of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) population indicated the possibility of begomovirus infection. Total DNA was extracted from the infected samples and PCR was carried out using begomovirus specific primers. An amplicon of expected size ( ̴1280 bp) was found when PALIc1960 and PARIv722 were used as primers in agarose gel electrophoresis. The PCR Amplicons of two samples (collected from two different places of present study area) were cloned and sequenced (GenBank accession nos. HM856626 and HM856627). The sequence data analysis of partial coat protein gene (AV1), full replication enhancer protein gene (AC3) and partial transcription activator protein gene (AC2) of 831 nt revealed highest 98% similarities with several isolates of Tobacco curly shoot virus (TBCSV) at both nucleotide and amino acid levels. The phylogenetic analysis also showed close relationship of the present isolates with different variants of TbCSV. Based on highest sequence similarities and closest relationships with TbCSV the viruses (present in infected tomato plants) were considered as Begomovirus. Transmission of the virus in tomato could not be done by sap transmission procedure. In experimental insect transmission tests, test plants showed symptoms very much like the natural symptoms. Artificial transmission was confirmed by comparing the PCR Amplicons raised from the experimentally infected plants.
Open Access
Characterization of Rice [Oryza saliva L.] germplasm based on iron and zinc content
(University of North Bengal, 2013-03) Roy, S.C.; Sharma, B.D.; Singha, S.; Sinha, B.
Hidden hunger is caused by the consumption of food grains (rice) which are deficient in mineral micronutrients specifically iron and zinc. This hunger affects more than one-half of the world's population especially woman and children in developing countries causing anemia and child blindness because 60 per cent of the world's population is dependent on rice as their staple food. Considering this biofortification as one of the suitable approaches was considered for improving the Fe and Zn content and their bioavailability in rice grain. Local landraces of rice were collected and Fe and Zn content were quantified for their genotypic characterization. Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) content of 112 local landraces were estimated according to Lindsey and Norwell by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Varian Speetra AA 50B. Iron concentration ranged from 0.25μg/g to 3.25μg/g and zinc from 0.85μg/g to 195.3μg/g in the landraces. Highest iron containing rice was Swetonunia with 34.8μg/g and highest Zn was found in Nepali Kalam which was 195.3μg/g. Zn content is quite comparable to other HYVs and can be used as donor parent in breeding program for biofortification of micronutrient Zn.
Open Access
Association of AM fungi in the rhizosphere of Thuja orientalis (L)
(University of North Bengal, 2013-03) De, U.K.; Das Biswas, R.; Chakraborty, B.N.
Thuja orientalis (L) is used as an ornamental plant as well as medicinal plant in India from prehistoric times and instances were found in various manuscripts revealing its medicinal property against abdominal pain, hook worms, arthritis etc. AMF associated with rhizosphere of Thuja were extensively studied in relation to their population in soil, root-length colonization, histopathological study as well as their diversification. Predominant existence of various species of Glomus, Gigaspora were determined and their spore surface texture was examined using stereo microscope, besides, species of Acaulospora, Scutellospora etc. were also documented. Histopathological studies of host roots showed various types of hyphal network and arbuscules, AMF were tried to identify up to species level with the help of standard keys. The result indicated that the various spp. of AMF have established their colonization in host roots and the host plant have a significant role in root tissue colonization.
Open Access
Cultivation and yield of Pleurotus sajor-caju on various lignocellulosic substrates
(University of North Bengal, 2013-03) Ray, K.; Basistha, B.; Ghosh, S.
Oyster mushrooms have ability to grow utilizing various lignocellulose substrates (Khan and Garcha, 1984). In our present work a comparative study on the cultivation and yield of Pleurotus sajor-caju using different compost composition were carried out. Six different lignocellulose materials like paddy straw, saw dust, shredded wood, rice husk, paper waste and sugarcane bagasse were used to prepare ten types of compost combinations for the cultivation of oyster mushroom. The shortest period for pinhead formation was determined to be 9 days on sugarcane bagasse compost, whereas the longest period for the same was determined to be 18 days on paddy straw and saw dust combination. The total harvest period of oyster mushroom was noted to be 41 days for sugarcane bagasse and the longest harvest period noted was 55 days on paddy straw and saw dust mixture. The highest yield was 154.8 gm on paddy straw and sugarcane bagasse mixture (1:1).
Open Access
Ethno mycological study of wild edible mushrooms of Jammu and Kashmir
(University of North Bengal, 2013-03) Kumar, S.; Sharma, Y.P.
The state of Jammu and Kashmir has the largest concentration of forest dwellers, comprising of about one-fourth of the population of the state. Several tribes and villagers subsist largely on non-traditional and wild food sources especially wild edible mushrooms. Limited information, however, is known about ethno mycology of macrofungi in India, in general, and Jammu and Kashmir, in particular. Therefore, ethnomycological survey was carried out in various locations of Jammu and Kashmir state in order to develop a database on mushroom diversity and their traditional uses. In this study, forty four wild mushrooms which are actually consumed in the state and are distributed in twenty genera have been recorded to have various potentialities. These include Agaricus spp., Boletus spp., Clavaria sp., Clavulina spp., Coprinus spp., Geopora spp., Gyromitra spp., Helvella spp., Macrolepiota sp., Morchella spp., Otidea leporina, Peziza spp., Pleurotus spp., Ramaria spp., Rhizopogon spp., Russula sp., Sepultaria spp., Sparassis spp., Termitomyces spp. and Verpa sp.. Their descriptive vocabulary and folk taxonomy, edibility status, traditional drying and preservation, culinary potential, common beliefs and traditions etc. have been highlighted in this paper. Overall, richness of ethno-mycological information gathered indicates that the Himalayan state of Jammu and Kashmir represents a mycophilic region where edible mushrooms play an important role in the socio-economic activities of the local populace.
Open Access
Effect of copper on seed germination, root elongation and shoot elongation of seedlings of commercially cultivated tea varieties
(University of North Bengal, 2013-03) Mandal, Sima; Saha, Aniruddha; Saha, Dipanwita
Tea (Camellia sinensis L. (0.) Kuntze) is an economically important plantation crop of India but is prone to attack by several fungal pathogens. Copper based fungicides are being used for decades to control fungal disease in tea which may lead to accumulation of copper in the soil. The aim of the present work was to investigate toxic effect of Cu+2 on seed germination, growth and morphological changes in tea seedlings. Different concentration of copper sulphate was applied on three different commercially cultivated tea varieties (TS-462, TS-520 and TS-463). The effect of different concentrations of copper (0.5 – 8 mM) on seed germination, root elongation and shoot elongation of the tea plant were evaluated. Percent germination was found to decrease progressively with increasing concentrations of Cu+2. Maximum reduction of seed germination was showed by TS-463. Several damaging effects such as reduced root hair proliferation, structural deformation and reduction in length of root and shoot were observed when the germinated seedlings were allowed to grow at higher concentrations of copper solutions. Decrease in the dry mass of both root and shoot were also recorded. The results showed that excess copper have negative effect on germination of tea seeds and subsequent growth of the seedlings.
Open Access
Footprint of Nitric oxide in induced systemic resistance
(University of North Bengal, 2013-03) Acharya, R.; Patra, P.; Chakraborty, N.; Gupta, N.S.; Acharya, K.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent signaling molecule with diverse physiological functions in plants. Several rhizobacterial strains may have capacity to induce systemic resistance in (ISR) plants but how far the biochemical mechanisms in which No participates in this signaling pathway is still an open question. The present study have shown in Pseudomonas aeruginosa WS-1 mediated ISR inducing system in Catharanthus roseus induces defense enzyme and phenolics and also showed a two fold increase in NO production when challenge with Alternaria alternata. Furthermore, NO donor treatment in the host produced same defense molecules in a comparable manner. From those observations it is suggested that NO might have possible signaling role in ISR during crosstalk between the ISR inducing agent and pathogen within the host system.
Open Access
Antioxidative responses of mandarin plants to water stress
(University of North Bengal, 2013-03) Allay, S.; Lama, R.; Chakraborty, U.; Chakraborty, B.N.
Citrus reticulata grows in warm climatic conditions. Stresses such as water logging, drought, soil acidity, unbalanced nutrition and pathogenic infestation lead to root injury resulting in citrus tree decline and therefore huge economic losses. In order to determine the effect of flooding and drought on mandarin plants, mandarin plants were subjected to water logging condition in the field and in pots for drought condition. Biochemical and morphological changes induced by water logging and drought conditions were determined. The plants showed slight wilting and leaf dropping by the third day of flooding whereas in drought the leaves curled up, became crisp and later dried out. Marked changes in antioxidative enzymes such as peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase was observed during stress in comparison to control plants. Antioxidative activity was seen to be more in the leaves than in the roots. Among the antioxidants carotenoid content showed a significant decrease during the flood stress but increased in drought stress. An increase in ascorbate content was observed during stress in comparison to the control. From this study, we can conclude that water stress causes adjustment of antioxidant balance in mandarin plants.
Open Access
Present status of flora, fauna and vegetation structure in the wetlands of Maldah district of West Bengal, India
(University of North Bengal, 2013-03) Chowdhury, M.; Das, A.P.
The highest area of fresh water wetlands in the West Bengal is situated in the district of Maldah. Out of 23 larger wetlands of West Bengal 11 are located in this district. Maldah-wetlands are quite old and natural with good biodiversity and healthy ecosystem. These wetlands are the house of around 351 vascular plant species and several animal species like waterfowl, fishes, reptiles, amphibians, mollusks and numerous insects. The local people largely depend also on these wetlands for their sustenance. But several threats, mainly anthropogenic, are gradually destroying these important ecosystems since the last decade.
Open Access
Screening of zinc resistant bacteria isolated from coal mine overburden soil
(University of North Bengal, 2013-03) Tapadar, S.A.; Jha, D.K.
Heavy metal pollution of coal mine spoils is a significant environmental problem affecting both flora and fauna. These degraded soils can be remediated by using heavy metal resistant microorganisms. Zinc has been usually reported in high concentration from coal mine spoils. The present study, therefore, deals with screening of Zinc, resistant bacteria isolated from coal mine spoils. The bacterial isolates were isolated from coal mine spoils of Tinsukia district of Assam. For the isolation of bacteria, King's B Medium and Pikovskaya's Agar Media were used. Heavy metal resistance of the bacterial isolates against zinc was tested on nutrient agar and sucrose-minimal salt low phosphate (SLP) medium. The results showed that out of the 20 test isolates 11 isolates were resistant. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from 0.001 M to 0.02 M. Antibiotic resistance was studied for two most resistant isolates. The optimal growth conditions with reference to pH and temperature of the two most resistant bacterial isolates were evaluated. Growth pattern of the most resistant isolates was determined in different concentrations of zinc amended broth media. On the basis of cultural and biochemical characters, the resistant isolates were identified as Pseudomonas sp, Bacillus sp and Rhizobium sp. Some of these isolates also exhibited plant growth promoting (PGP) traits and phosphate solubilizing ability.
Open Access
Genetic profiling of a small heterogeneous population presenting traditional, wild and wild relatives of rice (Oryza saliva L.) in relation to osmotic stress tolerance
(University of North Bengal, 2013-03) Chaya, S.; Karmakar, J.; Ahmed Ganie, S.; Roychowdhury, R.; Paul, A.; Adak, M.K.; Dey, N.
Biochemical and genetic profiling of five rice lines which included one high yielding drought and salt sensitive cultivar (IR36), one drought avoiding indigenous line (Gorah), one salt tolerant popular cultivar (Nona Bokra), one wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) and one wild halophytic rice relative (Porteresia coarctata) were done in relation to osmotic stress tolerance. Biochemical analyses were done for three compounds (proline content, total chlorophyll and total protein) which are quantitatively vary under different osmotic stresses. The rice lines were genotyped for seven osmotic stress tolerance linked rice SSR loci and DNA sequence analysis was done for the amplified product of a salt inducible gene (salT) using two sets of allele mining primers. The varied biochemical profiles and growth habitat of the studied rice lines were partially confirmed both by the fingerprint analysis using rice SSRS (Simple Sequence Repeats) and DNA sequence analysis of the amplified product for the selected salt inducible gene.