Faculty Publications - Journal Articles

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    Agricultural Credit for Sustainable Rural Development: An Empirical Study of Jalpaiguri District, West Bengal
    (Indian Society of Agricultural Marketing, 2023) Laha, Sidhartha Sankar
    Indian agriculture is dominated by small cultivators. With an average holding size of just of less than 2 ha size 86 percent of holdings, Indian agriculture produces sufficient food, feed, and fibre to India's large population, and in addition generates some net export surplus. This would not have been possible without the continuous flow of massive credit to farmers to buy modern inputs. Credit is one of the most crucial inputs for agricultural development. Agricultural credit in itself is not an input but it helps in creating environment for the adoption of modern production technology and encouraging private investments on this sector. Our analysis in this paper shows that the in spite of commendable policy changes in Indian agri-credit system, the fact that the percentage of institutional credit in overall credit to agriculture has remained within a narrow range due to inadequacy and so many constrains in our studied area ofJalpaiguri District. The ANOVA results revealed that there is significant difference between perception of land less and land lords. More income group farmers and low income group farmers and Z test revels relationship between income and crop loss and choice of sources of credit. In conclusion it is recommended that a separate priority should be given to agricultural credit exclusively for small farmers. Government should work in close association with Small Farmers' and Development Agencies for the benefits of small farmers.
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    Amiobhusoner Nirbas : Udbastu bhabnar bhinnomatra (অমিয়ভূষণের নির্বাস : উদ্বাস্তু ভাবনার ভিন্নমাত্রা)
    (The Gouri Cultural and Educational Association, 2021) Mukhopadhyay মুখোপাধ্যায়, Urbi উর্বী
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    Amiyabhushan Majumdarer sahityabhabna অমিয়ভূষণ মজুমদারের সাহিত্য ভাবনা
    (Ebong Prantik, 2023-01) Mukherjee মুখার্জী, Urbi উর্বী
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    Analysis of the Flood-induced Livelihood Vulnerability of the Riparian Villages along the Tista River in West Bengal
    (Indian Journal of Spatial Science, 2022-12) Mitra, Rajib; Deepak Kumar, Mandal
    Floods add to the distressed conditions of the poor and vulnerable inhabitants of the Tista floodplain in Sub-Himalayan West Bengal. The riparian villages along the Tista River are well known for frequent and heavy rainstorms and climate-induced catastrophic events, such as flash floods due to unprecedented rains. The primary aim of the study is to determine whether there are any differences between the levels of vulnerability of riparian villages. Five villages were selected to conduct the field survey (sample size: 337, based on Cochran's method) from the Mal and Maynaguri block at the left bank of the Tista River. The livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) was assessed based on eight major components, i.e., socio-demographic characteristics, health status, livelihood techniques, food status, water status, climatic variation, flood, and social security. The study reveals LVI scored highest in Premganj - Majhiali (0.436) and lowest in Chat Rarpur (0.328) village. Because of their location, socio-demographic profile, livelihood options, social safety, water assistance, health support, climatic variance, and flood severity, the Basusuba and Premganj - Majhiali are considered the highest vulnerable. The study also indicated that, due to apathetic or indifferent attitudes, improved access to resources does not always imply that households are adopting resilience strategies.
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    Assessment of livelihood vulnerability in the riparian region of the Tista River, West Bengal, India
    (Springer, 2022-04-22) Mandal, Deepak Kumar; Mitra, Rajib
    The Tista floodplain is one of the major food baskets of North Bengal and is sensitive to a multitude of issues regarding vulnerability. The riparian areas and the river island or charland of the lower Tista River basin in India, specifically from Sevoke to the Indo-Bangladesh border, generally suffer due to flood-prone, river course shifting, limited livelihood activities, low adaptive capacity, and poor accessibility. The present work is conducted to assess the livelihood vulnerability based on the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) framework of the agriculturedependent riparian villages and the charlands of the River Tista in the Jalpaiguri district. Total 337 households of five villages from the Mal and Maynaguri block at the left bank of the Tista River were selected to conduct the field survey. The livelihood vulnerability was assessed based on eight major components (viz., socio-demographic profile, health condition, livelihood strategies, food support, water support, climatic variability, flood hazards, and social safety) and 42 sub-components. The three contributing factors, i.e., adaptive capacity, sensitivity, and exposure, have been combined to calculate the livelihood vulnerability employing the LVI and LVI-IPCC methodologies. The outcome of the study exhibit that LVI scored highest in Premganj Majhiali (0.436), followed by Basusuba (0.403), Uttar Marichbari (0.349), Domohani (0.335), and Chat Rarpur village (0.328). According to the LVI-IPCC results, Basusuba has the most vulnerability (0.015), whereas Domohani has the least (0.007). In terms of flood hazard, variations were noticed based on increasing distance from the river. Lack of adaptive capacity prevailed in the villages with significant flooding events. Building awareness of the inhabitants will be an effective way to improve the adaptive capacity of the rural villagers. Therefore, giving priority to the policies depending on the natural environment of the active flood-prone region would make long-term sustainability.
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    Assessment of Regional Disparity in the Level of Living Condition in Dakshin Dinajpur District of West Bengal
    (The Asiatic Society of Mumbai, 2022-10) Pal, Mousumi; Moktan, Riti
    The study tries to assess the living condition of households and associated regional disparities in terms of basic necessities like housing, essential amenities etc. in Dakshin Dinajpur district of West Bengal. A composite index was developed to measure the level of living condition which is a combination of three different indices-Housing Index, Physical Capital Index and Asset Index. All the blocks have been categorised and ranked according to the score of composite indices. Result of the study shows that there are wide inter-block disparities in terms of living condition of the households. Transportation facility in terms of road and railway connectivity is positively related with living condition of the household as the blocks with proper transportation facility shows better condition in terms of availing basic services and amenities. The study suggests that there is an urgent need of improvement in the existing transportation and infrastructural facilities especially in the backward blocks as well as balanced distribution of basic facilities for the enhancement of the condition of living of the households. Apart from this the planners and policy makers need to take proper measure for the upgradation of living condition.
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    Child Labour : A Study On Prevailing Conditions Across The Districts Of West Bengal In 2011
    (The Asiatic Society of Mumbai, 2022-02) Bhowmik, Arkadip; Basak, Arindam
    Child labours in urban areas of West Bengal are predominantly main workers while in rural areas they are predominantly marginal workers. The presence of job seeking children is also high in rural areas. In this state males are working more as main workers and females are more prominent as marginal workers. Urban areas of the state are ge61erating long time works for children in informal sectors but in rural areas children are working in agricultural fields . Moreover, the presence of child labour is more related with urban population and per capita income. In this state poverty condition is driving the children towards working in urban and rural areas. ~n urbanized distracts like Kolkata presence of child labours are prominent due to in migration of many poor families.
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    Choice Based Credit System: A Leaf at the Reforms in Indian Higher Education
    (Indian Institute of Education, 2023) Gole, Mukul Kanti; Laha, Sidhartha Sankar; Bhar, Mousumi
    Education play a key stone in the process of nation building. India is the ancient land where wisdom made its home before it went into any other country. Education system of India is full of intricacies of different nature. Several attempts have been taken to lessen complexities. Several commission have been constituted in India to improve the quality and uniformity in the Indian education system. These commission have also been constituted for removal of different anomalies within the Indian education system. In all over India, the present education system are divided in the form of primary education, secondary education and tertiary education. The tertiary education is consider as the higher education. Higher education is considered as the back bone of the nation. Higher education is a noble exercise for creation and dissemination of knowledge, understanding and skill. University Grants Commission (UGC) isthe premier policy framing, decision making and funding agency for universities and institution of higher learning in India. A reform in the higher education in India is made by University Grants Commission (UGC) which is annual to semester systemn and then to Choice Based Credit System (CBCS). This reform was brought to bring flexibility in higher education. It is a student- centric education and it helps the students to pursue the courses of their choice which are from interdisciplinary, intra-disciplinary and skill based courses. This system would help the Indian education system to match with the international education pattern...
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    Co-Curricular Activities through Extension: Impact Study in North Bengal University and Affiliated Colleges
    (Oriental Institute, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, 2023) Laha, Sidhartha Sankar
    The study investigates and explores the efficacy and impact of extension and co-curriculum activities among the students, particularly of the University of North Bengal. It is a qualitative and quantitative case study focusing on co-curricular activities being arranged at the graduate and postgraduate levels. The study has been conducted by using the questionnaire filling technique that was distributed beforehand among primary stakeholders. The data are analysed using some statistical tools so as to proffer meaningful results on the basis of the socio-economic parameters and benefits gained through extension activities. Recognition of extension as one of the pivots of teaching and research has emerged from the growing realization that universities and colleges possessing better infrastructural facilities - manpower and physical facilities - have an obligation to promote the developmental activities of the community. Accordingly, modern approaches to education emphasise all-round or holistic development of the students. The praxis is that the process of education is not something static or a one-time measure rather, a continuous and lifelong endeavour that can be attained through co-curricular and extension activities. Findings of the study conclude that the overall effects and impacts of co-curricular activities on the student's academic performance and personality development are both encouraging and positive. And such endeavour reinforces the fruition of education's primary goal of bringing change in students' behaviour.
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    Cooperation through CO-Operatives Upsurge Empowerment: Assessing the Key Economic Issues
    (Rights Noida International University, 2023) Laha, Sidhartha Sankar
    The main focus of the study is the role of co-operative in empowerment benefits. A Case Study of districts of the North Bengal region is based on primary information collected from a field survey. This study analyses the socioeconomic condition of members and non-members who are involved in co-operative. A descriptive research design has been used to fulfil the objective of the study. This research has been carried out in rural and urban areas about members of cooperation through co operative. A questionnaire, interviews, FDGs, and observation methods are employed as the main research instruments. A disproportionate stratified random sampling technique is adopted and data are collected from the study area. It is found that cooperatives were established as a strategy to sustain the livelihoods of rural communities. With the adoption of cooperatives, people in rural communities managed to generate employment, boost food production, empower the marginalized, especially women, and promote social cohesion and integration, thereby improving their livelihoods and reducing poverty. This study is an attempt to analyse the socio-economic effect of co-operative on male as well as females and their roles and participation in the women empowerment process. The study found that members were found to have been socially and economically empowered through the cooperative and were able to change their own status in the family, be involved in discussions in family matters with members, and feel stronger and more confident. Hence Cooperative movement is very essential to improve the socio-economic condition of the target population.
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    Demographic Characteristics and Infrastructural Facilities in Alipurduar Municipality, West Bengal
    (Kavikulaguru Kalidas Sanskrit University, 2022) Basak, Arindam
    Demographic characteristics refers to the various demographic parameters like population growth, age, sex. male-female distribution, household size, workers category, scheduled caste and scheduled tribe population. literacy rate etc. Infrastructure is the backbone of any developmental work. Infrastructure is a combination of two words ' infra' and 'structure'. which means something that needs to be created before the building up of the structure. Alipurduar Municipality is a Class II town according to Census 2011. However, this does not impede its importance being the only municipal town in the district of Alipurduar. Given a resurgence of urban activities in Alipurduar Municipality in recent times associated with its emergence as district headquarter the demographic and physical infrastructure is witnessing a rapid change...
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    Determining Seasonal Pattern in Stream Water Quality: A Case Study of River Mahananda at Siliguri, West Bengal, India
    (Sardar patel Institute of Economic and Social Research, 2022) Paul, Rupak Kumar
    The objective of the present study is to recognize the seasonal pattern in water quality status of the stretch of river Mahananda at Siliguri Municipal Corporation of West Bengal. Monthly observations on 21 water quality parameters for the period between January, 20 IO and May, 2022 were used for resolving the present problem. The whole database was generated by West Bengal Pollution Control Board following the guideline of Central Pollution Control Board, Govt. of India. The Hierarchical Cluster Analysis was applied to determine the seasonality while Spearman's Rank correlation was used for determining the association of water quality parameters with seasonal and monthly normal rainfall total in view to capture the role of rainfall in controlling such seasonality. The result demonstrates that the temporal change in water quality status forms three specific hydrogeochemical seasons, January to May, June to August, and September to December which are governed by local rainfall pattern. Further observed that geogenic parameters e.g., Turbidity, TFS, TSS etc. completely follow seasonality of rainfall but this straight forward relation is not found for anthropogenic contaminants. Many anthropogenic parameters (e.g., Na+, EC, TA etc.) show significant negative relationship with rainfall while many of them (e.g., BOD, DO, etc.) do show any pattern at all. Since rainfall cannot fully explain the whole complexity, the role of other factors like discharge associated with hydrogeochemical seasons, needs to be evaluated in this context.
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    A District Level Analysis on Disparity In Literacy Rate Among the Scheduled Tribe and Non-Scheduled Tribe Population in West Bengal
    (The Asiatic Society of Mumbai, 2022-02) Dey Sarkar, Subham; Basak, Arindam
    Literacy rate is one of the most important indicators for measuring social development. The magnitude of socio-economic progress of any region is computed by literacy rate and level of education of that particular region. In the last few decades India has witnessed improvement in literacy rate however it also experienced disparity in the pattern of literacy rate among the scheduled tribe and nonscheduled tribe population, Despite the free and compulsory education for the children upto the age of 14, difference in terms of socio-economic condition among various social groups become an obstacle for implementation of right to education to the deprived sections of the society. The increase in literacy rate in West Bengal has also taken place unevenly with respect to the social groups. Even within the same segments of population, diverse socio-economic condition creates a difference in literacy rate. Therefore the present study is an attempt in mapping out the regional disparity in literacy rate among the scheduled tribe and non-scheduled tribe population at district level in West Bengal based on the data from Census, 2011. The output of the study will help to identify the problematic districts which have high disparity in literacy rate among the tribal and non-tribal population so that new strategies can be developed to minimize the disparity.
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    Diurnal Asymmetry in Temporal Response of Surface Air Temperature at Siliguri, West Bengal, India
    (New Archaeological & Genological Society, 2022-11) Paul, Rupak Kumar
    The objective of present study is to explore the diurnal asymmetry in temporal response of surface air temperature in Siliguri Municipal Corporation (SMC). Three groups of parameters namely seasonal and annual mean maximum temperature, seasonal and annual mean minimum temperature, and mean seasonal and mean annual temperature were computed based on daily maximum and daily minimum gridded temperature data available for the period between 1950 and 2020 at grid resolution of 1 °xl 0 from the official India Meteorological Department (IMD) Pune website. Three grid points are found to be located around SMC and the input data available from them were interpolated to get the spatial average value for SMC. The trend analysis was done using Modified Mann-Kendall test for autocorrelated time series, otherwise Mann-Kendall test was applied. The Buishand test was applied to detect the change point for normally distributed series and otherwise it was done by Pettitt's test. The result shows that although the annual mean temperature is significantly (p<0.05) increasing at the rate 0.004°C per year for the whole study period, there is a diurnal asymmetry in the temperature response. The rise in daytime temperatures is more pronounced during monsoon and post-monsoon seasons than in other seasons, but the rise in nighttime temperatures began in post- l 980s and prior to that it had just opposite trend. Siliguri, here, is considered as the locational reference point in space 1.e., present study did not intend to explore the spatial variation across urban and rural areas and hence the cu1Tent findings are applicable over a wide area in and around SMC, irrespective of rural urban effect differences.
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    Dwandamulak bastubad o Rabindra natok (দ্বন্দমূলক বস্তুবাদ ও রবীন্দ্র নাটক)
    (Spectarors in Theatre (নাট্যচর্চায় দর্শক), 2021-12) Roy রায়, Ashis আশিস
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    Ecofeminism: Debates and dimensions
    (All Orissa Philosophy Association, 2021) Padhi, Laxmikanta