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Item Open Access Active Death Cases and Recovery Rates of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Study of Developed, Developing, and Least Developed Countries of the World(NB Publications, 2022) Rahaman, Saidur; Saha, Snehasish; Mandal, Tapash; Chakrabarty, Kunal; Mitra, Nita; Pal, SujitAt present, people worldwide are fighting against an unseen enemy. Outbreaks of COVID-19 are on the rise in more than 200 countries worldwide. In the world economy, human life has been dramatically affected. The developed developing, and least developed countries of the world have been affected by the extremities of COVID-19. However, the rate of COVID-19 infection is not the same in every country of the world due to some of their rules and facilities such as treatment, infrastructure, lifestyle, and awareness. The study has been done based on secondary data. Daily data on the number of recovered, active, and deaths cases were collected up to the study endpoint via the Johns Hopkins University data source (https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19) on 24 December 2020 at 21.58 GTM and daily situation reports of World Health Organization (WHO). The data used relates to the descriptive statistics and Normalized Z-score and found relations among 15. In Developed countries, on an average, the affected COVID-19 cases were 28.73 people, say 29per thousand; median COVID-19 cases are 27.62 people, say 28 per thousand people. The average recovery rate is 65.95 % in Developed countries. Nevertheless, high confirmed cases have been found in the U.S (1,78,44,690) ...Item Open Access Agricultural Credit for Sustainable Rural Development: An Empirical Study of Jalpaiguri District, West Bengal(Indian Society of Agricultural Marketing, 2023) Laha, Sidhartha SankarIndian agriculture is dominated by small cultivators. With an average holding size of just of less than 2 ha size 86 percent of holdings, Indian agriculture produces sufficient food, feed, and fibre to India's large population, and in addition generates some net export surplus. This would not have been possible without the continuous flow of massive credit to farmers to buy modern inputs. Credit is one of the most crucial inputs for agricultural development. Agricultural credit in itself is not an input but it helps in creating environment for the adoption of modern production technology and encouraging private investments on this sector. Our analysis in this paper shows that the in spite of commendable policy changes in Indian agri-credit system, the fact that the percentage of institutional credit in overall credit to agriculture has remained within a narrow range due to inadequacy and so many constrains in our studied area ofJalpaiguri District. The ANOVA results revealed that there is significant difference between perception of land less and land lords. More income group farmers and low income group farmers and Z test revels relationship between income and crop loss and choice of sources of credit. In conclusion it is recommended that a separate priority should be given to agricultural credit exclusively for small farmers. Government should work in close association with Small Farmers' and Development Agencies for the benefits of small farmers.Item Open Access Agriculture and Rural Development in India Challenges and Opportunities(ABHIJEET PUBLICATIONS, 2023) Laha, Sidhartha Sankar; Ghosh, Tapan KumarItem Open Access Amiobhusoner dukhiar kuthi : Samporker bohumatrikota (অমিয়ভূষণের দুখিয়ার কুঠি : সম্পর্কের বহুমাত্রিকতা)(Ebong Prantik, Ashis Roy, 2022-01-10) Mukhopadhyay মুখোপাধ্যায়, Urbi উর্বীItem Open Access Amiobhusoner Nirbas : Udbastu bhabnar bhinnomatra (অমিয়ভূষণের নির্বাস : উদ্বাস্তু ভাবনার ভিন্নমাত্রা)(The Gouri Cultural and Educational Association, 2021) Mukhopadhyay মুখোপাধ্যায়, Urbi উর্বীItem Open Access Amiyabhushan Majumdarer sahityabhabna অমিয়ভূষণ মজুমদারের সাহিত্য ভাবনা(Ebong Prantik, 2023-01) Mukherjee মুখার্জী, Urbi উর্বীItem Open Access Amiyobhusan Mazumderer uponyas amboyik songshoktir aloke অমিয়ভূষণ মজুমদারের উপন্যাস আম্বয়িক সংসক্তির আলোকে(Rani Dhanya Kumari College, 2022-11) Mukhopadhyay মুখোপাধ্যায়, Urbi উর্বী; Islam, MD. Nazmul; Das, SubhajitItem Open Access Analysis of geomorphic indices of longitudinal river profile of Sanka River and its tributaries of Chhota Nagpur Plateau, India(Bluerose Publishers, 2022) Biswas, Baidurya; Saha, Snehasish; Saha, Snehasish; Chakrabarty, Kunal; Das, MantuLongitudinal profile of a river provides the idea about tectonic activity and local terrain condition through which the river is flowing. It provides the information about the change in slope, natural breaks, and knick points in river course and also provides vivid idea about the cycle of development of the river. To understand minutely the local geomorphic condition, the longitudinal profiles of other major tributaries of Sanka River has been considered. By comparing the linear, logarithmic, exponential, and power regression models with distance against elevation data and geologic structure, it has been possible to understand the shape of lengthy profiles. The best fit model has been decided on the basis of derived R2 or Coefficient of Determination and the model which provides minimum sum of square of residuals and standard deviation have been considered as best fit model. It has observed that longitudinal profile majority of the streams fits with exponential model except Sanka River and Srigi Nala fits with power regression model and Dhudi Jhor fits with linear regression.Item Open Access Analysis of the Flood-induced Livelihood Vulnerability of the Riparian Villages along the Tista River in West Bengal(Indian Journal of Spatial Science, 2022-12) Mitra, Rajib; Deepak Kumar, MandalFloods add to the distressed conditions of the poor and vulnerable inhabitants of the Tista floodplain in Sub-Himalayan West Bengal. The riparian villages along the Tista River are well known for frequent and heavy rainstorms and climate-induced catastrophic events, such as flash floods due to unprecedented rains. The primary aim of the study is to determine whether there are any differences between the levels of vulnerability of riparian villages. Five villages were selected to conduct the field survey (sample size: 337, based on Cochran's method) from the Mal and Maynaguri block at the left bank of the Tista River. The livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) was assessed based on eight major components, i.e., socio-demographic characteristics, health status, livelihood techniques, food status, water status, climatic variation, flood, and social security. The study reveals LVI scored highest in Premganj - Majhiali (0.436) and lowest in Chat Rarpur (0.328) village. Because of their location, socio-demographic profile, livelihood options, social safety, water assistance, health support, climatic variance, and flood severity, the Basusuba and Premganj - Majhiali are considered the highest vulnerable. The study also indicated that, due to apathetic or indifferent attitudes, improved access to resources does not always imply that households are adopting resilience strategies.Item Open Access Analyzing the Complex Interaction of Active Tectonics and Basin Scale Geomorphology: A Case Study of Chel River Basin Using GIS Tool(BlueRose Publishers, 2022) Ghosh, Debarshi; Saha, Snehasish; Saha, Snehasish; Chakrabarty, Kunal; Das, MantuThe channel of Chel expressing a highly dynamic behavior in its entire course especially at the mountain out let by means of sediment-water supply variation. The existing water regime is the expression of highly variable nature of rainfall and structurally controlled river channel. Fluvial dynamics of Chel basin is highly abrupt in nature as the seasonal alterations disclose no steady trend of ongoing channel processes. Dependent on tectonic activity, hydrological regime, and sediment load of certain streams, the characteristics of the mountain front of the Darjeeling sub-Himalaya display a considerable variability. The surface is made up of a variety of alluvial fans from Quaternary sand deposition. The longitudinal profile following the channel thalweg shows distinct fluctuations of height due to such epierogenetic movements and interruption of normal cycle of erosion. The value of Hypsometric integral (48.56) indicates that the fluvial system is approaching to late youthful stage. The reason of tectonic instability and complex cycle of epierogenetic upliftments have been controlling the process of dynamic rejuvenation in this basin.Item Open Access Anita Agnihotrir keu bhole na golpo ebong adhunik manusher poshyo অনিতা অগ্নিহীত্রীর কেউ ভোলে না গল্প এবং আধুনিক মানুষের পোষ্য(Jintara Khatun, 2021-12) Khatun খাতুন, Hasnara হাসনারাItem Open Access Assessment of livelihood vulnerability in the riparian region of the Tista River, West Bengal, India(Springer, 2022-04-22) Mandal, Deepak Kumar; Mitra, RajibThe Tista floodplain is one of the major food baskets of North Bengal and is sensitive to a multitude of issues regarding vulnerability. The riparian areas and the river island or charland of the lower Tista River basin in India, specifically from Sevoke to the Indo-Bangladesh border, generally suffer due to flood-prone, river course shifting, limited livelihood activities, low adaptive capacity, and poor accessibility. The present work is conducted to assess the livelihood vulnerability based on the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) framework of the agriculturedependent riparian villages and the charlands of the River Tista in the Jalpaiguri district. Total 337 households of five villages from the Mal and Maynaguri block at the left bank of the Tista River were selected to conduct the field survey. The livelihood vulnerability was assessed based on eight major components (viz., socio-demographic profile, health condition, livelihood strategies, food support, water support, climatic variability, flood hazards, and social safety) and 42 sub-components. The three contributing factors, i.e., adaptive capacity, sensitivity, and exposure, have been combined to calculate the livelihood vulnerability employing the LVI and LVI-IPCC methodologies. The outcome of the study exhibit that LVI scored highest in Premganj Majhiali (0.436), followed by Basusuba (0.403), Uttar Marichbari (0.349), Domohani (0.335), and Chat Rarpur village (0.328). According to the LVI-IPCC results, Basusuba has the most vulnerability (0.015), whereas Domohani has the least (0.007). In terms of flood hazard, variations were noticed based on increasing distance from the river. Lack of adaptive capacity prevailed in the villages with significant flooding events. Building awareness of the inhabitants will be an effective way to improve the adaptive capacity of the rural villagers. Therefore, giving priority to the policies depending on the natural environment of the active flood-prone region would make long-term sustainability.Item Open Access Assessment of Regional Disparity in the Level of Living Condition in Dakshin Dinajpur District of West Bengal(The Asiatic Society of Mumbai, 2022-10) Pal, Mousumi; Moktan, RitiThe study tries to assess the living condition of households and associated regional disparities in terms of basic necessities like housing, essential amenities etc. in Dakshin Dinajpur district of West Bengal. A composite index was developed to measure the level of living condition which is a combination of three different indices-Housing Index, Physical Capital Index and Asset Index. All the blocks have been categorised and ranked according to the score of composite indices. Result of the study shows that there are wide inter-block disparities in terms of living condition of the households. Transportation facility in terms of road and railway connectivity is positively related with living condition of the household as the blocks with proper transportation facility shows better condition in terms of availing basic services and amenities. The study suggests that there is an urgent need of improvement in the existing transportation and infrastructural facilities especially in the backward blocks as well as balanced distribution of basic facilities for the enhancement of the condition of living of the households. Apart from this the planners and policy makers need to take proper measure for the upgradation of living condition.Item Open Access AVARAHA SAMKETIK JUKTIVIJNANER RUPREKA (LOGIC):(Revised and Enlarged) অবরোধ সাংকেতিক যুক্তিবিজ্ঞানের রূপরেখা (পরিবর্ধিত ও পরিমার্জিত)(Maha Bodhi Book Agency, 2021) Das, Kanti Lal কান্তিলাল দাসItem Open Access Bachelor of Library and Information Science Prospectus(University of North Bengal, 2021) University of North BengalItem Open Access Bakhtiner dwibachonikota o chilekothar sepai uponyas বাখতিনের দ্বিবাচনিকতা ও 'চিলেকোঠার সেপাই' উপন্যাস(Prabahaman Banglacharcha, 2022-12-24) Mukhopadhyay মুখোপাধ্যায়, Urbi উর্বীItem Open Access Bichitro Porjay Rabindrasangeet e nritya rupaker proyog বিচিত্র পর্যায় রবীন্দ্রসঙ্গীতে নৃত্য রূপকের প্রয়োগ(Utpal Mandal, 2023) Kundu কুন্ডূু, Subhrajyoti শুভ্রজ্যোতি; Mandal,Utpal; Roy, Ashisনৃত্য এমন একটি মাধ্যম যার দ্বারা শরীর এবং মনের না বলা কথা যা ভাষায় প্রকাশ করা সম্ভব নয়, তা ব্যক্ত করা যায়। রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর বিশ্বাস করতেন নৃত্য এক আধ্যাত্মিক মুক্তির পথ যা শরীরে কর্মক্ষম ভাবে অবস্থান করে। এই গবেষণাপত্রে রবীন্দ্রসংগীতের বিচিত্র পর্যায়ের ১৪০ টি গানের ওপর আলোকপাত করা হয়েছে। বিচিত্র পর্যায় কি, তা জানতে শুরুতে ‘বিচিত্র’ এই পরিভাষার অর্থ বুঝতে হবে। উক্ত বাক্যাংশ 'বৈচিত্র্য' অথবা 'অদ্ভুততা' তে সংজ্ঞায়িত হয়েছে, যা 'বিস্ময়' কে অনুপ্রাণিত করেছে। কোন প্রশ্নের অবকাশ নেই যে, ঈশ্বর প্রেম, ভালবাসা এবং দেশ বিষয়ক গানগুলি পূজা প্রেম ও স্বদেশ পর্যায়ে শ্রেণীবদ্ধ করা হয়েছে। যা দৃশ্যত ভিন্ন ও সম্পর্কহীন মনে হয়, যা কিছু অন্য কোন পর্যায়ে মানানসই নয়, তা সবই যেন বিচিত্র পর্যায়ে স্থান পেয়েছে। বিচিত্র পর্যায়্ কোন অর্থে ব্যবহার হয়েছে তার অন্তর্নিহিত কারণ খোঁজার চেষ্টা করা যেতে পারে। গবেষণাক্ষেত্রে গানের কথা পর্যবেক্ষণে তার অর্থের উপর নির্ভর করে কিছু দ্বিমত রয়েছে। গানগুলির মধ্যে বিশ্বব্রহ্মাণ্ডের ভিন্ন ভিন্ন সৃষ্টির স্বতন্ত্রসূচক বৈশিষ্ট্য প্রতিফলিত হয়, যা খালি চোখে দেখা যায় না কিন্তু সৃষ্টি সম্পর্কিত ও যথেষ্ট অর্থবহ। এই গবেষণাপত্রে বিচিত্র পর্যায়ের গানগুলি অধ্যয়ন করে, তা যে সর্বজনীনভাবে নৃত্যের মৌলিক বিষয়ভিত্তিক রূপক হিসেবে ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে সেটি বোঝা হয়েছেয়, যা গানগুলিকে স্বাধীন ও অন্যান্য সৃষ্টি থেকে ভিন্ন করে তোলে।Item Open Access Biswaner Kissa, Kissar Nari ebong Afshar Ameder ekti kissa (বিশ্বায়নের কিস্সা, কিস্সার নারী এবং আফসার আমেদের একটি কিস্সা)(Iqbal Karim Hasnu, 2022-12) Khatun খাতুন, Hasnara হাসনারাItem Open Access Building High-Performance Boards in India : Prerequisites and Challenges(Thomson Reuters, 2021) Dey Sarkar, Soma; Srivastava, Ashish Kumar; Tripathi, Vikash RamItem Open Access Can MGNREGA be a Tool for Rural Livelihood Recovery after COVID-19?(Authorspress, 2021) Laha, Sidhartha Sankar; Bhuimali, Anil; Ghoshal, Sujoy Kanti